Syllabus for

Academic Year  (2024)

The paper explains the concepts of animal cell and plant tissue culturing. The course objective is to “learn by doing”. The plant biotechnology chapters will examine the scientific and technical advances which underlie the production of genetically modified crops.

Totipotency of Plant cells, history of plant tissue culture. Nutrient media components- major and minor nutrients and their role in plant growth and deficiency symptoms organic nutrients, vitamins and plant growth regulators (Auxin, cytokinins and gibberellins), Aseptic techniques- sterilization & disinfection, Z value , D value , Thermal death point, Sterilization of media, explant preparation, surface sterilizing agents.

In vitro fertilization, haploid culture- Culture of Ovary and ovule, Factors affecting in vitro pollination, applications of in vitro fertilization. Organ culture, Anther culture- technique of androgenesis, factors influencing anther culture, haploids from isolated microspore, application of haploids in plant breeding. Embryo Culture- nutritional requirements, applications. Endosperm culture -triploid production- source material, nutrient media, uses. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, applications in plant improvement. Protoplast culture - isolation of protoplast- mechanical and enzymatic methods, viability of protoplast, culture of protoplasts, regeneration, screening, protoplast fusion- PEG mediated and electrofusion, applications and examples of somatic hybrids and cybrids.

Isolation of single cell from organs (mechanical method, enzymatic method), subculturing of suspension cultures, types of suspension culture, culture medium for cell suspensions, synchronisation of Suspension Cultures, growth and viability of cultured cells (reduction of Tetrazolium salts, Fluoresence Diacetate method, Evan’s Blue Method). Single cell propagation techniques - Filter paper raft nurse technique, Bergmann technique, Microchamber technique. Secondary metabolites- Introduction, types with examples, Mass Production of Plant secondary metabolites using suspension culture and immobilized plant cells, strategies to improve production, production of shikonin and capsaicin and their uses.

Clonal Propagation of elite species- orchids, anthurium etc, advantages and limitations. Obtaining virus free plants by meristem tip culture, other methods of virus elimination- thermotherapy, cryotherapy and chemotherapy, Virus indexing- Sap Transmission Test, Serology, Artificial seeds – preparation techniques, applications. Somaclonal variation – molecular basis, selection of somaclonal variants, application in plant breeding in getting improved varieties.

Gene construction, vectors for transgenic plants-Plasmid vectors, Plant virus vectors, Transformation Techniques- Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer – Ti plasmid and Ri plasmid, T-DNA structure, genes, Opines- types and function, vir genes, role in T-DNA transfer, Cointegrate and Binary vector strategy, Coculture and in planta transformation, Direct method – gene gun, Integration of transgene, Selectable markers, reporter genes - gus, lux gfp, promoters – inducible and tissue specific, Gene silencing – types and significance.

Herbicide tolerance- Glyphosate resistant plants, Insect resistance- Bt brinjal production - cry genes and mechanism of action, and Disease resistance- bacterial and viral resistance, Improved nutrient quality (golden rice, high iron rice).

Antisense gene approach, Co-suppression of genes- definition and mechanism (threshold model, production and degradation of antisense RNAs), Terminator gene technology, V-GURT and T-GURT, Plant derived Vaccines, Edible vaccines, Recombinant and subunit vaccines, Status of Plant derived Vaccines, Safety of GMOs.

Introduction and scope, genome sequencing projects - microbial sequencing projects, Human Genome Project, Definition of database, nucleotide sequence database [EMBL, NCBI and DDBJ], protein structure database [PDB, CATH, DALI, Protopedia, OPM]. Homology search of DNA and proteins, sequence alignment: pair wise and multiple alignments [Definition and applications of BLAST and FASTA and Clustal W.

2) B. D. Singh, Plant Biotechnology and Industrial Biotechnology, New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2005.

3) T. Attwood and P. Smith. Introduction to Bioinformatics, USA: Pearson Education, 2007.

2) U. Satyanarayana, Biotechnology, Kolkota: Books and Allied (P) Ltd., 2005.

3) S. S. Purohit, Plant Tissue Culture. Jodhpur: Agrobios, 2008.

4)  W. Taylor and D. Higgins. Bioinformatics: Sequence, Structure and Databanks: A Practical Approach, Oxford, 2000.

5) S. Mahesh. Plant Molecular Biotechnology, New Delhi: New Age Science, 2009.

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

This paper provides technical information on fermenter designing and kinetics involved in the fermentation processes.

Definition of a Bioprocess, overview of bioprocesses with their various components. Bioprocess operation & their global impact.

Definition of a Bioprocess, overview of bioprocesses with their various components. Bioprocess operation & their global impact.

Fermentation process- inoculum build up, pre-fermentation, product fermentation. Solid state fermentation, Solid substrate, submerged, Aerobic, Anaerobic, batch, fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, Fermentation based on type of product formation- type I, II, III.

Fermentation process- inoculum build up, pre-fermentation, product fermentation. Solid state fermentation, Solid substrate, submerged, Aerobic, Anaerobic, batch, fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, Fermentation based on type of product formation- type I, II, III.

Types of Bioreactors- conventional- stirred tank reactors, airlift, bubble up fluidized bed, packed bed, tower reactors, drum reactors, photobioreactors; Components of the fermenters, types of impellers, aeration, temperature regulation, pH monitoring, antifoaming agents.

Types of Bioreactors- conventional- stirred tank reactors, airlift, bubble up fluidized bed, packed bed, tower reactors, drum reactors, photobioreactors; Components of the fermenters, types of impellers, aeration, temperature regulation, pH monitoring, antifoaming agents.

Types of media, synthetic and crude media, Enrichment media, Selective media, Media formulation, Constituents of media, Principles of Media Sterilization, Batch & Continuous sterilization techniques, Air sterilization.

Types of media, synthetic and crude media, Enrichment media, Selective media, Media formulation, Constituents of media, Principles of Media Sterilization, Batch & Continuous sterilization techniques, Air sterilization.

Isolation of microbes, culture collection, Need for strain development, Methods of strain development (mutation, selection of mutants, selective isolation of mutants- genetic recombination), preservation of microbes.

Isolation of microbes, culture collection, Need for strain development, Methods of strain development (mutation, selection of mutants, selective isolation of mutants- genetic recombination), preservation of microbes.

Solid-liquid separation (Flocculation, Filtration, Centrifugation), Cell disruption (Physical, chemical and enzymatic), Extraction, Precipitation, Distillation, Evaporation, Chromatographic separation, Adsorption, Concentration, formulation- Lyophilisation, spray drying.

Solid-liquid separation (Flocculation, Filtration, Centrifugation), Cell disruption (Physical, chemical and enzymatic), Extraction, Precipitation, Distillation, Evaporation, Chromatographic separation, Adsorption, Concentration, formulation- Lyophilisation, spray drying.

Introduction, Enzymes Vs catalysts, Enzymes Vs Whole cells, General steps in production of enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetics-Km, Vmax, Immobilization of enzymes, Methods of Immobilization, Advantages of Immobilization, industrial applications of enzymes (leather, textile, baking, detergent industries),Biosensors, Types of Biosensors (Amperometric, Potentiometric, Conductimetric, Optical Biosensors), Immobilized enzymes in drug delivery.

Introduction, Enzymes Vs catalysts, Enzymes Vs Whole cells, General steps in production of enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetics-Km, Vmax, Immobilization of enzymes, Methods of Immobilization, Advantages of Immobilization, industrial applications of enzymes (leather, textile, baking, detergent industries),Biosensors, Types of Biosensors (Amperometric, Potentiometric, Conductimetric, Optical Biosensors), Immobilized enzymes in drug delivery.

Classification of metabolic products- Primary, secondary and bioconversion products (Steroids). Production of alcoholic beverage (Beer), Food (Cheese) amino acid (glutamic acid,) Organic acids (Lactic acid), antibiotic (penicillin) single cell protein, single cell oil. Quality Control, Quality assurance, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) & Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Classification of metabolic products- Primary, secondary and bioconversion products (Steroids). Production of alcoholic beverage (Beer), Food (Cheese) amino acid (glutamic acid,) Organic acids (Lactic acid), antibiotic (penicillin) single cell protein, single cell oil. Quality Control, Quality assurance, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) & Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

2) S.N. Jogdand. Environmental Biotechnology. 3rd ed, India: Himalaya Publication House, 2001.

3) B.D. Singh. Biotechnology. 2nd ed, New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2007.

2) M. D. Pauline. Bioprocess Engineering Principles. 2nd ed, London: Academic Press, 2000.

3) Zhong, Jian-Jiang. Biomanufacturing. New York: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2004.

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

This paper provides technical information on fermenter designing and kinetics involved in the fermentation processes.

Definition of a Bioprocess, overview of bioprocesses with their various components. Bioprocess operation & their global impact.

Definition of a Bioprocess, overview of bioprocesses with their various components. Bioprocess operation & their global impact.

Fermentation process- inoculum build up, pre-fermentation, product fermentation. Solid state fermentation, Solid substrate, submerged, Aerobic, Anaerobic, batch, fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, Fermentation based on type of product formation- type I, II, III.

Fermentation process- inoculum build up, pre-fermentation, product fermentation. Solid state fermentation, Solid substrate, submerged, Aerobic, Anaerobic, batch, fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, Fermentation based on type of product formation- type I, II, III.

Types of Bioreactors- conventional- stirred tank reactors, airlift, bubble up fluidized bed, packed bed, tower reactors, drum reactors, photobioreactors; Components of the fermenters, types of impellers, aeration, temperature regulation, pH monitoring, antifoaming agents.

Types of Bioreactors- conventional- stirred tank reactors, airlift, bubble up fluidized bed, packed bed, tower reactors, drum reactors, photobioreactors; Components of the fermenters, types of impellers, aeration, temperature regulation, pH monitoring, antifoaming agents.

Types of media, synthetic and crude media, Enrichment media, Selective media, Media formulation, Constituents of media, Principles of Media Sterilization, Batch & Continuous sterilization techniques, Air sterilization.

Types of media, synthetic and crude media, Enrichment media, Selective media, Media formulation, Constituents of media, Principles of Media Sterilization, Batch & Continuous sterilization techniques, Air sterilization.

Isolation of microbes, culture collection, Need for strain development, Methods of strain development (mutation, selection of mutants, selective isolation of mutants- genetic recombination), preservation of microbes.

Isolation of microbes, culture collection, Need for strain development, Methods of strain development (mutation, selection of mutants, selective isolation of mutants- genetic recombination), preservation of microbes.

Solid-liquid separation (Flocculation, Filtration, Centrifugation), Cell disruption (Physical, chemical and enzymatic), Extraction, Precipitation, Distillation, Evaporation, Chromatographic separation, Adsorption, Concentration, formulation- Lyophilisation, spray drying.

Solid-liquid separation (Flocculation, Filtration, Centrifugation), Cell disruption (Physical, chemical and enzymatic), Extraction, Precipitation, Distillation, Evaporation, Chromatographic separation, Adsorption, Concentration, formulation- Lyophilisation, spray drying.

Introduction, Enzymes Vs catalysts, Enzymes Vs Whole cells, General steps in production of enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetics-Km, Vmax, Immobilization of enzymes, Methods of Immobilization, Advantages of Immobilization, industrial applications of enzymes (leather, textile, baking, detergent industries),Biosensors, Types of Biosensors (Amperometric, Potentiometric, Conductimetric, Optical Biosensors), Immobilized enzymes in drug delivery.

Introduction, Enzymes Vs catalysts, Enzymes Vs Whole cells, General steps in production of enzymes, Mechanism of enzyme action, Enzyme kinetics-Km, Vmax, Immobilization of enzymes, Methods of Immobilization, Advantages of Immobilization, industrial applications of enzymes (leather, textile, baking, detergent industries),Biosensors, Types of Biosensors (Amperometric, Potentiometric, Conductimetric, Optical Biosensors), Immobilized enzymes in drug delivery.

Classification of metabolic products- Primary, secondary and bioconversion products (Steroids). Production of alcoholic beverage (Beer), Food (Cheese) amino acid (glutamic acid,) Organic acids (Lactic acid), antibiotic (penicillin) single cell protein, single cell oil. Quality Control, Quality assurance, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) & Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

Classification of metabolic products- Primary, secondary and bioconversion products (Steroids). Production of alcoholic beverage (Beer), Food (Cheese) amino acid (glutamic acid,) Organic acids (Lactic acid), antibiotic (penicillin) single cell protein, single cell oil. Quality Control, Quality assurance, Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) & Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP).

2) S.N. Jogdand. Environmental Biotechnology. 3rd ed, India: Himalaya Publication House, 2001.

3) B.D. Singh. Biotechnology. 2nd ed, New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2007.

2) M. D. Pauline. Bioprocess Engineering Principles. 2nd ed, London: Academic Press, 2000.

3) Zhong, Jian-Jiang. Biomanufacturing. New York: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2004.

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

This paper trains the students in various aspects of tissue culture- selection of explants, media preparation, sterilization, inoculation, sub culturing and acclimatization.

1) Plant tissue culture lab designing, sterilization techniques

2) Preparation of medium-Murashige and Skoog medium, Gamborg’s medium Nitsch’s medium

3) Production and maintenance of Callus culture

4) Multiple shoot initiation

5) Production ofvirus free plants

6) Production of haploids

7) Protoplast isolation by enzymatic method

8) Preparation of Artificial seeds

9) Establishment of Callus suspension culture & monitoring the growth by dry weight method

10) DNA and protein homology by BLAST

11) Protein structure studies by RASMOL

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

This paper deals with the basics and applied aspects of the fermentation process along with various quantitative methods for detection of fermentation products.

1) Determination of microbial growth by turbidimetric method

2) Production of primary and secondary metabolite (organic acid)

3) Estimation of the fermentation products by titration method

4) Solid state Fermentation

5) Production of beverage

6) Immobilization of microbial cells and assay for its activity

7) Isolation and assay for specific activity amylase from Aspergillus niger

8) Qualitative test for milk –(Dye reduction test & Estimation of Lactic acid)

9) Production of Protease enzyme from microbes

10) Visit to research institute or industry

1) Determination of microbial growth by turbidimetric method

2) Production of primary and secondary metabolite (organic acid)

3) Estimation of the fermentation products by titration method

4) Solid state Fermentation

5) Production of beverage

6) Immobilization of microbial cells and assay for its activity

7) Isolation and assay for specific activity amylase from Aspergillus niger

8) Qualitative test for milk –(Dye reduction test & Estimation of Lactic acid)

9) Production of Protease enzyme from microbes

10) Visit to research institute or industry

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

The paper imparts knowledge on the basic practises and tests followed in the food science laboratory.

1. Isolation of casein from milk and to estimate the yield

2. Isolation of pectin from different fruits and estimate the yield

3. Estimation of gluten content in flour.

4. Estimation of saponification value and iodine value.

5. Estimation of reducing and non-reducing sugar in food.

6. Determination of smoke point and percentage of fat absorption for different fat and oils.

7. Isolation as estimation of carotenoids in vegetables.

8. Determination of lycopene in fruit/vegetable

9. Estimation of crude fibre/dietary fibre content in cereals and their products

10. Estimation of anthocyanins in food sample

11. Isolation of capsaicin from vegetable source.

12. Production of Baker’s yeast and check its activity

13. Preparation of tofu (fermented product).

14. Preparation of wine.

15. Quality test for milk by MBRT/titration.

16. Estimation of polyphenols

17. Test for the detection of adulterants in food.

18. Industrial Visit.

1. Isolation of casein from milk and to estimate the yield

2. Isolation of pectin from different fruits and estimate the yield

3. Estimation of gluten content in flour.

4. Estimation of saponification value and iodine value.

5. Estimation of reducing and non-reducing sugar in food.

6. Determination of smoke point and percentage of fat absorption for different fat and oils.

7. Isolation as estimation of carotenoids in vegetables.

8. Determination of lycopene in fruit/vegetable

9. Estimation of crude fibre/dietary fibre content in cereals and their products

10. Estimation of anthocyanins in food sample

11. Isolation of capsaicin from vegetable source.

12. Production of Baker’s yeast and check its activity

13. Preparation of tofu (fermented product).

14. Preparation of wine.

15. Quality test for milk by MBRT/titration.

16. Estimation of polyphenols

17. Test for the detection of adulterants in food.

18. Industrial Visit.

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

Course Description:

This course includes important physical topics that describe the influence of electricity and electromagnetic radiation on matter.  Ionic equilibria and Electrochemistry relate to the formation of ions and their ability to migrate under the influence of electricity.   Spectroscopy and Photochemistry are the topics that discuss the interaction of radiation with matter and are the foundation for many analytical techniques today. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO₂ and H₂O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

 B R Puri, L R Sharma and M.S. Patania., Principles of Physical Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar. 2011.

2. Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).

3. P. W Atkins, Physical chemistry, 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2006.

4. G. M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5^th ed., Tata-Mc Graw Hill, 2006.

5. Glasstone Samuel,Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2^nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

6. F Daniels and F.A Alberty. Physical Chemistry. 4^th ed. Wiley, 1996.

7. C. N. Banwell and E.M. Mccash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, TMH  Edition, 2012.

 8. B R Puri, L R Sharma and M.S. Patania., Principles of Physical Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar. 2011.

Course Description: This course deals with various topics of determining reaction mechanisms, spectroscopy, chemistry of soaps, detergents and dyes. This course on stereochemistry intends to make the students understand different concepts of conformational analysis and optical isomerism.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH₃−Cl (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) CHCl₃. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl₂CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH₃CH₂Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

     1^st Edition 2010.                                              

[2] Ashutosh, K., Chemistry of natural products Vol. II, CBS Publications & Distributors 1^st Edition 2012.

[3] Bhat, S., Nagasampagi B., Sivakumar M., Chemistry of natural productsNarosa Publishing House New Delhi 2005.

[4] Ahluwalia, V. K. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi, 2016.

[5]Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

[6]B. Mehta, M. Mehta, Organic Chemistry, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2017.

[2]  I. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5^thed. New Delhi: ELBS and Longman Ltd., reprint 2008.

[3]  Jain and Sharma Modern Organic Chemistry 3^rd edition, Vishal Publishing Company, 2009.

[4]  R. T Morrison, and R. N. Boyd.Organic Chemistry. 7^thed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., 2010.

[5]   Katritzky, A. R. Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3^rd addition, 2010.

[6]  Agrawal, O. P. Chemistry of Natural products vol I & II, 41^st addition, 2014.

This course will introduce the students to concepts and applications of bioinorganic chemistry, nanomaterials, organometallic chemistry, industrial catalysis, inorganic polymers, metal clusters, sustainability, and climate change.

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport –ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes,

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance. 

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Ligands, classification, hapticity.

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [ Pt Cl₃(-C₂H₄ ) ] ,  [Fe (-C₆H₅)₂] , [Cr(-C₆H₅ )₂], [W (CH₃)₆ ].  b) Metal carbonyls :- Ni (CO)₄ , Fe (CO)₅ , Cr (CO)₆ , Co₂(CO)₈  , Mn₂ (CO)₁₀ .Ferrocene

Catalysis by organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected).

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors,

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

 Atomic energy programme in India. ^**Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

 Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: - Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change                                                                                              

Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

This course introduces the students to various experiments on electrochemistry, chemical kinetics and thermometry. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

1.       Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.       Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.       Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.       Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.       Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.       Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.       Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.       Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.       Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.       Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

b.       Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

[2] J.B. Yadav, Advanced practical chemistry by Krishna prakashan media (p) ltd,,29^th ed. Meerut, 2010. 

[4] P.W Atkins, Physical chemistry,8^th  ed., Oxford University Press, 2006 

[5] G.M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5^th ed.,tata, Mc Graw Hill,2006

[6] Glasstone Samuel, Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2^nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

[7] B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M.S. Pathania, Principles of Physical ChemistryVishal     Publications, 2012

This course introduces the students to the preparation and purification techniques of organic compounds.  Systematic analysis of organic compounds is also included. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments. 

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

1.  Continuous internal assessment of Practicals …………        20 Marks

2.  Mid-term practical Test …………………………………     20 Marks

3.  Record assessment ………………………………………                 10 Marks

4.  End-semester Practical examination …………………..        50 Marks

      (Viva voce –                          10 marks

      Performing experiment –    40 marks)      

TOTAL                                                 100 Marks

This practical course consists of experiments that are designed to reinforce the learning of the theory course Novel Inorganic Solids. Experiments are either based on Preparation of materials or estimation of samples.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

2. Mid-term practical Test ………………………………… 20 Marks

3. Record assessment ……………………………………… 10 Marks

4. End-semester Practical examination ………………….. 50 Marks

(Viva voce – 10 marks

Performing experiment – 40 marks)

TOTAL 100 Marks

To teach students the fundamentals of the biological process or reproduction, such as the endocrinology and physiology of male and female reproduction, puberty, lactation, and menopause, as well as the biology of normal and disordered pregnancy. Students will investigate how reproductive biology affects other aspects of health, as well as the effects of early life exposures on later health and the biology of reproductive cancers.

Gonadal hormones and mechanism of hormone action, steroids, glycoprotein hormones, and prostaglandins, hypothalamo – hypophyseal – gonadal axis, regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in male and female; Reproductive System: Development and differentiation of gonads, genital ducts, Mullerian duct and Wolffian duct development, external genitalia, mechanism of sex differentiation; Disorders of sexual development-Xenohormones-E:P ratio issues.

Gonadal hormones and mechanism of hormone action, steroids, glycoprotein hormones, and prostaglandins, hypothalamo – hypophyseal – gonadal axis, regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in male and female; Reproductive System: Development and differentiation of gonads, genital ducts, Mullerian duct and Wolffian duct development, external genitalia, mechanism of sex differentiation; Disorders of sexual development-Xenohormones-E:P ratio issues.

Outline and histological of male reproductive system in rat and human; Testis: Cellular functions, germ cell, system cell renewal mechanism; cell transformation pathways; Spermatogenesis: kinetics and hormonal regulation; Androgen synthesis and metabolism; Epididymal function and sperm maturation; Accessory glands functions; Sperm transportation in male tract, Blood testis barrier.

Outline and histological of male reproductive system in rat and human; Testis: Cellular functions, germ cell, system cell renewal mechanism; cell transformation pathways; Spermatogenesis: kinetics and hormonal regulation; Androgen synthesis and metabolism; Epididymal function and sperm maturation; Accessory glands functions; Sperm transportation in male tract, Blood testis barrier.

Outline and histological of female reproductive system in rat and human; Ovary: folliculogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression; Steroidogenesis and secretion of ovarian hormones; Reproductive cycles (rat and human) and their regulation, changes in the female tract; Ovum transport in the fallopian tubes; Sperm transport in the female tract, fertilization; Hormonal control of implantation; Hormonal regulation of gestation, pregnancy diagnosis, feto – maternal relationship; Mechanism of parturition and its hormonal regulation; Lactation and its regulation.

Outline and histological of female reproductive system in rat and human; Ovary: folliculogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression; Steroidogenesis and secretion of ovarian hormones; Reproductive cycles (rat and human) and their regulation, changes in the female tract; Ovum transport in the fallopian tubes; Sperm transport in the female tract, fertilization; Hormonal control of implantation; Hormonal regulation of gestation, pregnancy diagnosis, feto – maternal relationship; Mechanism of parturition and its hormonal regulation; Lactation and its regulation.

Infertility in male and female: causes, diagnosis and management; Assisted Reproductive Technology: sex selection, sperm banks, frozen embryos, in vitro fertilization, ET, EFT, IUT, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, PROST, PZD (Partial Zona Dissection) and SUZI (Sub Zonal Insemination); Contraceptive technologies; Demographic terminology used in family planning, Teratology-Teratogens and mode of action, Rh factor and its application, Diagnostic tools in reproductive health management.

Infertility in male and female: causes, diagnosis and management; Assisted Reproductive Technology: sex selection, sperm banks, frozen embryos, in vitro fertilization, ET, EFT, IUT, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, PROST, PZD (Partial Zona Dissection) and SUZI (Sub Zonal Insemination); Contraceptive technologies; Demographic terminology used in family planning, Teratology-Teratogens and mode of action, Rh factor and its application, Diagnostic tools in reproductive health management.

2.  Degroot, L.J. and Jameson, J.L. (eds). Endocrinology. W.B. Saunders and Company

3. Hatcher, R.A. et al. The Essentials of Contraceptive Technology. Population Information Programme

To provide the students with fundamental understandings of various aquatic ecosystems, physicochemical properties of these ecosystems, commercially important aquatic species, rearing methods of fishes, aquaculture pond management, and various advances in the field of aquatic biology and fisheries.

Brief introduction about aquatic biomass: Freshwater ecosystem (lakes, wetlands, streams, rivers), estuaries, intertidal zones, oceanic pelagic zone, marine benthic zone:

Brief introduction about aquatic biomass: Freshwater ecosystem (lakes, wetlands, streams, rivers), estuaries, intertidal zones, oceanic pelagic zone, marine benthic zone:

Lakes: Origin and classification, Lake as an ecosystem, Lake morphometry, Physio-chemical characteristics: light, temperature, thermal stratification; Dissolved solids: carbonate, bicarbonates, phosphates and nitrates; Turbidity; Dissolved gases, Nutrient cycles in lakes: nitrogen, sulphur, prosperous; Streams: different stages of stream development, physio-chemical environment, the adaptation of hill stream fishes.

Lakes: Origin and classification, Lake as an ecosystem, Lake morphometry, Physio-chemical characteristics: light, temperature, thermal stratification; Dissolved solids: carbonate, bicarbonates, phosphates and nitrates; Turbidity; Dissolved gases, Nutrient cycles in lakes: nitrogen, sulphur, prosperous; Streams: different stages of stream development, physio-chemical environment, the adaptation of hill stream fishes.

Salinity and density of sea water, continental shelf, adaptations of deep-sea organisms, coral reefs, sea weeds.

Salinity and density of sea water, continental shelf, adaptations of deep-sea organisms, coral reefs, sea weeds.

Causes of pollution: agriculture, industrial, sewage, thermal and oil spills, eutrophication, management and conservation (legislations), sewage treatment, water quality assessment: BOD and COD.

Causes of pollution: agriculture, industrial, sewage, thermal and oil spills, eutrophication, management and conservation (legislations), sewage treatment, water quality assessment: BOD and COD.

Present status and scope of capture and culture fisheries, Criteria for selection of candidate species for aquaculture, Major candidate species for aquaculture freshwater, brackish-water and marine, Systems of aquaculture – river system, pond culture, cage culture, running water culture, zero water exchange system, etc. Different culture systems -Monoculture, polyculture and integrated.

Present status and scope of capture and culture fisheries, Criteria for selection of candidate species for aquaculture, Major candidate species for aquaculture freshwater, brackish-water and marine, Systems of aquaculture – river system, pond culture, cage culture, running water culture, zero water exchange system, etc. Different culture systems -Monoculture, polyculture and integrated.

Types of feeds – artificial and live feeds, feed composition, feeding schedule, methods of feed formulation, storage and quality control, Major live feeds - phytoplankton and zooplankton – Chetocerous and Artemia

Types of feeds – artificial and live feeds, feed composition, feeding schedule, methods of feed formulation, storage and quality control, Major live feeds - phytoplankton and zooplankton – Chetocerous and Artemia

The infectious bacterial and viral disease, non-infectious diseases, Techniques in health management, chemotherapeutic agents, prophylaxis- vaccines, immunostimulants and probiotics.

The infectious bacterial and viral disease, non-infectious diseases, Techniques in health management, chemotherapeutic agents, prophylaxis- vaccines, immunostimulants and probiotics.

Biotechnological tools for aquaculture, transgenic fish production. Chromosomal manipulation, Cryopreservation of gametes and embryo.

Biotechnological tools for aquaculture, transgenic fish production. Chromosomal manipulation, Cryopreservation of gametes and embryo.

2.        Goldman. Limnology, 2^nded.

3.        Odum and Barrett. Fundamentals of Ecology, 5^thed.

4.        Trivedi and Goyal. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies

5.        Pawlowski, Physiocochemcial methods for water and wastewater treatment, 1^sted.

6.        Pillay T.V.R.1995. Aquaculture Principles and Practices. Fishing New Books, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford.

2.        Santhanam, Sugmaran and P.Natarajan, 1997. Manual of Fresh Water Aquaculture. Oxford and IBHPub.Co., Ltd., New Delhi.

3.        Shanmugam.K, 1990. Fishery Biology and Aquaculture. Leo Pathippagam, Madras – 600 083.

4.        Biswas S.P., 1993. Manual of Methods in Fish Biology. South Asian Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

5.        Kurian C.V. and V.O. Sebastien 1982. Prawnsand Prawn Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation New Delhi.

6.        GovindanT.K. 1985. Fish Processing and Technology. Oxford and IBHPub.Co., Ltd., New Delhi. 27

7.        Srivastava, C.B.L., 1985. A Text book of Fishery Science and Indian

The paper describes the principles of parasitology, which are used to study a wide variety of animal species. Furthermore, this paper will look at the host-parasite relationship, disease epidemiology, and insects of economic importance. These topics will assist students in absorbing the majority of the fundamentals of applied zoology, which will aid them in understanding the advanced topics in this field.

General Introduction- Animal Associations, Homogenetic and Heterogenetic Associations, Parasitism, Commensalism, Symbiosis. Parasitism- classes of parasites. Classes of hosts- sources and mode of infection –pathogenesis-pathogenic effects. Protozoa- General features and classification. Amoebae and Entamoeba histolytica- difference between Amoebic dysentery and Bacillary dysentery

General Introduction- Animal Associations, Homogenetic and Heterogenetic Associations, Parasitism, Commensalism, Symbiosis. Parasitism- classes of parasites. Classes of hosts- sources and mode of infection –pathogenesis-pathogenic effects. Protozoa- General features and classification. Amoebae and Entamoeba histolytica- difference between Amoebic dysentery and Bacillary dysentery

Flagellates: Intestinal flagellates- Typical example Morphology Life cycle- Diagnosis and treatment. Haemoflagellates: Morphology - Diagnosis, treatment- vectors and reservoirs. Leishmania- Morphology, ecological types, pathology, diagnosis, treatment. Malaria parasites- Morphology- human plasmodia- pathogenesis diagnosis- treatment. Flukes- Blood flukes- Morphology and life cycle. Hook and Guinea worms Round worms- Morphology and pathogenesis- Diagnosis and treatment.

Flagellates: Intestinal flagellates- Typical example Morphology Life cycle- Diagnosis and treatment. Haemoflagellates: Morphology - Diagnosis, treatment- vectors and reservoirs. Leishmania- Morphology, ecological types, pathology, diagnosis, treatment. Malaria parasites- Morphology- human plasmodia- pathogenesis diagnosis- treatment. Flukes- Blood flukes- Morphology and life cycle. Hook and Guinea worms Round worms- Morphology and pathogenesis- Diagnosis and treatment.

Introduction and history of medical entomology- Venomous arthropods, arthropods as direct agents - causes of allergies by Insects- delusory parasitosis- Epidemiology of vector-borne disease- Mechanical transmission by arthropods- Vector competence.

Introduction and history of medical entomology- Venomous arthropods, arthropods as direct agents - causes of allergies by Insects- delusory parasitosis- Epidemiology of vector-borne disease- Mechanical transmission by arthropods- Vector competence.

Different types of Diagnostic methods in parasitology - Examination of faeces, Wet mount, blood smears, concentration method, sedimentation methods- egg count- culture methods- Animal inoculation xenodiagnosis- Immunological diagnosis. 

Different types of Diagnostic methods in parasitology - Examination of faeces, Wet mount, blood smears, concentration method, sedimentation methods- egg count- culture methods- Animal inoculation xenodiagnosis- Immunological diagnosis. 

Insect Physiology and Morphology – General structure and metamorphosis, Insects Digestive System,
Nervous System, Reproductive System, Circulatory System and Excretory System, Visual organs and
Olfactory System. Bionomics of Insects, General characters of selected insect orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera,
Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera)- Morphology, Life History, Bionomic and importance.

Insect Physiology and Morphology – General structure and metamorphosis, Insects Digestive System,
Nervous System, Reproductive System, Circulatory System and Excretory System, Visual organs and
Olfactory System. Bionomics of Insects, General characters of selected insect orders (Diptera, Hymenoptera,
Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera)- Morphology, Life History, Bionomic and importance.

Biology of Malaria Parasites, 2012

Biology of Malaria Parasites, 2012

To teach students the fundamentals of the biological process or reproduction, such as the endocrinology and physiology of male and female reproduction, puberty, lactation, and menopause, as well as the biology of normal and disordered pregnancy. Students will investigate how reproductive biology affects other aspects of health, as well as the effects of early life exposures on later health and the biology of reproductive cancers.

1.             Study of animal house: set up and maintenance of animal house, breeding techniques, care of normal and experimental animals.

2.             Examination of vaginal smear from live rats (spotters).

3.             Steroid hormones examination under experimental conditions -Pathway slides

4.             Surgical techniques: principles of surgery in endocrinology, Ovariectomy, tubectomy, hysterectomy, castration and vasectomy in rats.

5.             Examination of reproductive organs

6.             Histological sections of gonads _ testis and ovary of fishes

7.             Examination of histological sections from photomicrographs/ permanent slides of rat/human: testis, epididymis and accessory glands of male reproductive systems;

8.             Examination of histological sections from photomicrographs/ permanent slides of Sections of ovary, fallopian tube, uterus (proliferative and secretory stages), cervix and vagina.

9.             Human vaginal exfoliative cytology (specimen).

10.         The study of CASA (Computer Aided Sperm Analysis)

11.         Study of contraceptive devices

12.         Pregnancy detection assay

13.         LH surge detection assay

14.         Histological examination of Placenta types

1.             Study of animal house: set up and maintenance of animal house, breeding techniques, care of normal and experimental animals.

2.             Examination of vaginal smear from live rats (spotters).

3.             Steroid hormones examination under experimental conditions -Pathway slides

4.             Surgical techniques: principles of surgery in endocrinology, Ovariectomy, tubectomy, hysterectomy, castration and vasectomy in rats.

5.             Examination of reproductive organs

6.             Histological sections of gonads _ testis and ovary of fishes

7.             Examination of histological sections from photomicrographs/ permanent slides of rat/human: testis, epididymis and accessory glands of male reproductive systems;

8.             Examination of histological sections from photomicrographs/ permanent slides of Sections of ovary, fallopian tube, uterus (proliferative and secretory stages), cervix and vagina.

9.             Human vaginal exfoliative cytology (specimen).

10.         The study of CASA (Computer Aided Sperm Analysis)

11.         Study of contraceptive devices

12.         Pregnancy detection assay

13.         LH surge detection assay

14.         Histological examination of Placenta types

2.               Degroot, L.J. and Jameson, J.L. (eds). Endocrinology. W.B. Saunders and Company

3.               Hatcher, R.A. et al. The Essentials of Contraceptive Technology. Population Information Programme

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

End semester exam (ESE) - 50 Marks

To provide students with fundamental understandings of various aquatic ecosystems, physicochemical properties of these ecosystems, commercially important aquatic species, rearing methods, aquaculture pond management, and various advances in the field of aquatic biology and fisheries.

1.               Determination of area of the lake using graphimetric and gravimetric methods.

2.               Morphometric and Meristic Characters of fish

3.               Identify the important macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplanktons present in a lake ecosystem.

4.               Determination of amount of hardness, DO, free CO₂, and alkalinity in water collected from a nearby lake/ water body

5.               Instruments used in limnology (Secchi disc, Van Dorn Bottle, Conductivity meter, Turbidity meter, PONAR grab sampler) and their significance.

6.               Estimation of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in water samples using the kit

7.               Identification of common finfishes using dichotomous keys (Selected orders)

8.               Live feed (Artemia) culture - Demonstration

9.               Determination of maturity stages, fecundity, GSI and ova diameter

10.            Dissection and display of reproductive system (male and female) of fish-demonstration

11.            Identification of moult stages in crustaceans - Demonstration

12.            Isolation and quantification of DNA. Electrophoresis, PCR, Western blot, DNA hybridization.

13.            A project report on a visit to a sewage treatment plant/ Marine bioreserve/ fisheries institution/ Field visits – Aquaculture farms and hatcheries.

1.               Determination of area of the lake using graphimetric and gravimetric methods.

2.               Morphometric and Meristic Characters of fish

3.               Identify the important macrophytes, phytoplankton and zooplanktons present in a lake ecosystem.

4.               Determination of amount of hardness, DO, free CO₂, and alkalinity in water collected from a nearby lake/ water body

5.               Instruments used in limnology (Secchi disc, Van Dorn Bottle, Conductivity meter, Turbidity meter, PONAR grab sampler) and their significance.

6.               Estimation of ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate in water samples using the kit

7.               Identification of common finfishes using dichotomous keys (Selected orders)

8.               Live feed (Artemia) culture - Demonstration

9.               Determination of maturity stages, fecundity, GSI and ova diameter

10.            Dissection and display of reproductive system (male and female) of fish-demonstration

11.            Identification of moult stages in crustaceans - Demonstration

12.            Isolation and quantification of DNA. Electrophoresis, PCR, Western blot, DNA hybridization.

13.            A project report on a visit to a sewage treatment plant/ Marine bioreserve/ fisheries institution/ Field visits – Aquaculture farms and hatcheries.

2.               Goldman. Limnology, 2^nded.

3.               Odum and Barrett. Fundamentals of Ecology, 5^thed.

4.        Trivedi and Goyal. Chemical and biological methods for water pollution studies

5.        Pawlowski, Physiocochemcial methods for water and wastewater treatment, 1^sted.

6.        Pillay T.V.R.1995. Aquaculture Principles and Practices. Fishing New Books, Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford.

2.        Santhanam, Sugmaran and P.Natarajan, 1997. Manual of Fresh Water Aquaculture. Oxford and IBHPub.Co., Ltd., New Delhi.

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

Ende semester exam (ESE) - 50 Marks

The paper describes the principles of parasitology, which are used to study a wide variety of animal species. Furthermore, this paper will look at the host-parasite relationship, disease epidemiology, and insects of economic importance. These topics will assist students in absorbing the majority of the fundamentals of applied zoology, which will aid them in understanding the advanced topics in this field.

1.               Blood smear collections, and Staining using Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain

2.               Spotters and Identification of Anophelines

3.               Identification of Culicines using JSB stain

4.               Demonstration of IgM antibody assay.

5.               Demonstration of Weil-Felix test for Rickettsial infection sero diagnosis by ELISA

6.               Identification of Ticks and Mites.

7.               Materials and techniques for collection, transportation, preservation, mounting, rearing of insects

8.               Different types of faecal examination

9.               Salivary amylase activity of insects

10.            Estimation of total nutrients absorption capacity of insect

11.            Toxicity estimation of different insecticides

12.            Field visit to insect park.

1.               Blood smear collections, and Staining using Jaswant Singh–Bhattacharji (JSB) stain

2.               Spotters and Identification of Anophelines

3.               Identification of Culicines using JSB stain

4.               Demonstration of IgM antibody assay.

5.               Demonstration of Weil-Felix test for Rickettsial infection sero diagnosis by ELISA

6.               Identification of Ticks and Mites.

7.               Materials and techniques for collection, transportation, preservation, mounting, rearing of insects

8.               Different types of faecal examination

9.               Salivary amylase activity of insects

10.            Estimation of total nutrients absorption capacity of insect

11.            Toxicity estimation of different insecticides

12.            Field visit to insect park.

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

End semester exam (ESE) - 50 Marks

Animal biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of genes in animals – introduction and knockout of genes and their effects, different systems available for the production of sustainable industrial

products and important therapeutic and diagnostic drugs and vaccines for medical and veterinary use.

History and scope of animal cell and tissue culture, advantages and disadvantages of tissue culture, requirement of animal cell culture lab, sterilization techniques, types of medium (Defined and  undefined), significance of serum, Growth factors promoting proliferation of animal cell culture -  EGF,FGF,PDGF,TGF,IL, IGF.

History and scope of animal cell and tissue culture, advantages and disadvantages of tissue culture, requirement of animal cell culture lab, sterilization techniques, types of medium (Defined and  undefined), significance of serum, Growth factors promoting proliferation of animal cell culture -  EGF,FGF,PDGF,TGF,IL, IGF.

Primary culture, Disaggregation of tissue (physical, chemical methods- trypsin, collagenase), secondary cell lines, continuous cell lines, characteristics of cell lines, maintenance of cell lines, measurement of cell viability - Evan’s blue method, Trypan blue method, Anchorage dependent cell lines- Roux bottle, Roller bottle, anchorage independent cell lines- Stirred bioreactor, airlift bioreactor, immobilized bioreactor, product recovery and purification

Primary culture, Disaggregation of tissue (physical, chemical methods- trypsin, collagenase), secondary cell lines, continuous cell lines, characteristics of cell lines, maintenance of cell lines, measurement of cell viability - Evan’s blue method, Trypan blue method, Anchorage dependent cell lines- Roux bottle, Roller bottle, anchorage independent cell lines- Stirred bioreactor, airlift bioreactor, immobilized bioreactor, product recovery and purification

Culture techniques- Plasma Clot, Raft methods, Agar gel, Grid method. Tissue engineering-artificial skin, artificial cartilage. IVF- in vitro fertilization of farm animals, need for IVF, techniques used - induction of superovulation, preparation and collection of oocytes, preparation of spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization and development, embryo transfer & its advantages, IVF in humans- significance, Bioethics and regualtions in artificial reproductive technology

Culture techniques- Plasma Clot, Raft methods, Agar gel, Grid method. Tissue engineering-artificial skin, artificial cartilage. IVF- in vitro fertilization of farm animals, need for IVF, techniques used - induction of superovulation, preparation and collection of oocytes, preparation of spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization and development, embryo transfer & its advantages, IVF in humans- significance, Bioethics and regualtions in artificial reproductive technology

Definition and importance, Source of stem cells, Properties of stem cell, Embryonic stem cell culture, cellular potency, lineage commitment, cellular development and differentiation, stimulation of embryonic stem cells to differentiate, generation of induced pluripotent cells, therapeutic adult stemcells - source, differentiation, similarities between adult and embryonic stem cells, applications, concept of cord blood banking, Bioethics, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) – guidelines.

Definition and importance, Source of stem cells, Properties of stem cell, Embryonic stem cell culture, cellular potency, lineage commitment, cellular development and differentiation, stimulation of embryonic stem cells to differentiate, generation of induced pluripotent cells, therapeutic adult stemcells - source, differentiation, similarities between adult and embryonic stem cells, applications, concept of cord blood banking, Bioethics, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) – guidelines.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression systems- types, ways of manipulating gene expression, pET system for expressing proteins - vector and the mechanism, animal expression systems- yeast based, insect cell line based, mammalian vectors, High level production of transgene products – hormones and vaccines - in animal cells, Human growth hormone, Human insulin, examples of FDA approved recombinant drugs.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression systems- types, ways of manipulating gene expression, pET system for expressing proteins - vector and the mechanism, animal expression systems- yeast based, insect cell line based, mammalian vectors, High level production of transgene products – hormones and vaccines - in animal cells, Human growth hormone, Human insulin, examples of FDA approved recombinant drugs.

Recombinant vaccines, Sub unit vaccines – Hepatitis B, Foot and mouth disease, Herpes simplex virus vaccines their production, DNA vaccines, Advantages and disadvantages RNA vaccine, Production of viral vaccine. Monoclonal antibodies -Large scale production, diagnostic and therapeutic uses in diseases like cancer, AIDS etc., Human monoclonal antibodies, Genetic engineering strategies for monoclonal antibodies, Human-mouse antibodies, Advantages and limitations of monoclonal antibodies, examples of McAb based drugs available in the market.

Recombinant vaccines, Sub unit vaccines – Hepatitis B, Foot and mouth disease, Herpes simplex virus vaccines their production, DNA vaccines, Advantages and disadvantages RNA vaccine, Production of viral vaccine. Monoclonal antibodies -Large scale production, diagnostic and therapeutic uses in diseases like cancer, AIDS etc., Human monoclonal antibodies, Genetic engineering strategies for monoclonal antibodies, Human-mouse antibodies, Advantages and limitations of monoclonal antibodies, examples of McAb based drugs available in the market.

Objective of gene transfer, gene transfer methods- Retroviral Vector method, vaccinia viral vector method, DNA microinjection method, Engineered embryonic stem cell method, Detection of transgenes, Transgenic mice and their applications in understanding normal and disease conditions of physiological processes, Significance and production of human mouse, Onco mouse, Gene knock outs- strategies, importance, knock out mouse, SCID mouse, Cloned animals- Dolly, transgenic animals -Transgenic sheep, cow, fish, pig etc., pharming,preservation of endangered species, animal bioreactors and their importance.

Objective of gene transfer, gene transfer methods- Retroviral Vector method, vaccinia viral vector method, DNA microinjection method, Engineered embryonic stem cell method, Detection of transgenes, Transgenic mice and their applications in understanding normal and disease conditions of physiological processes, Significance and production of human mouse, Onco mouse, Gene knock outs- strategies, importance, knock out mouse, SCID mouse, Cloned animals- Dolly, transgenic animals -Transgenic sheep, cow, fish, pig etc., pharming,preservation of endangered species, animal bioreactors and their importance.

Mechanism, approaches for gene therapy, pre-clinical modelling to patient therapy, ex vivo gene therapy, in vivo gene therapy, somatic and germline therapy, antisense therapy, gene therapy for Adenosine deaminase, Hemophilia, clinical translation of genetherapy products, Limitations, status and ethics of gene therapy.

Mechanism, approaches for gene therapy, pre-clinical modelling to patient therapy, ex vivo gene therapy, in vivo gene therapy, somatic and germline therapy, antisense therapy, gene therapy for Adenosine deaminase, Hemophilia, clinical translation of genetherapy products, Limitations, status and ethics of gene therapy.

2 I. Freshney. Culture of Animal Cells. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

2.S. Gangal. Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue Culture, 2nd ed, Hyderabad: Universities, Press, 2010.

3. B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. R. K. Roberts and P. Walter. Molecular Biology of the Cell, USA: Garland Science Publishing, 2008.

4. L. Houdibine. Animal Transgenesis and Cloning, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003.

CIA2- 25%

CIA3- 10%

Attendance - 5%

ESE- 50%